CVE-2025-38040
NoneCVSS
—
EPSS
0.2%
Published
Jun 18, 2025
CISA due date
—
Cloudanix analysis
A bug in the Linux kernel can cause warning messages or instability when certain hardware communication settings are changed on devices that use serial ports.
- Exploitation
- Local Privilege
- Attacker needs
- Local User
- Complexity
- Moderate
- Impact
- Denial Of Service
- Component
- OS kernel
- Class
- Race Condition
- Remediation
- Patch
- Effort
- Medium
- Patch risk
- Low
What it actually does
Calling disable_irq from atomic context protected by port lock in mctrl_gpio_disable_ms triggers sleeping function in IRQ management during tty/serial line setting changes.
Why it matters to the business
Kernel warnings and potential instability on systems using affected serial drivers with Bluetooth or tty devices; 441 downstream dependents increase exposure surface in embedded and server fleets.
How an attack unfolds
An attacker triggers serial port flow control reconfiguration (via serdev_device_set_flow_control or similar) while a port lock is held, forcing the no-sync path to call blocking disable_irq and produce the atomic sleep warning; listed threat actors have not been observed exploiting this specific issue.
How to fix it
Apply the upstream fix commit 68435c1fa3db696db4f480385db9e50e26691d0d or later stable kernel; replace mctrl_gpio_disable_ms calls with the appropriate sync or no_sync variant depending on lock context.
How to confirm the fix worked
Verify kernel source contains the split APIs and that CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP no longer triggers the splat on serial flow control changes; confirm fixed version in /proc/version or package manager output.
Typical attack path
- Obtain local or remote access allowing tty/serial configuration changes
- Trigger uart_set_termios or ttyport_set_flow_control under port lock
- Invoke mctrl_gpio_disable_ms from atmel_serial or similar driver
- Hit disable_irq in atomic context producing the sleeping function warning
How to detect it
Search kernel logs and dmesg for the exact sleeping function warning and the provided call trace involving mctrl_gpio_disable_ms, atmel_disable_ms, and hci_power_on; correlate with tty or Bluetooth initialization events.
- BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/irq/manage.c:738
- mctrl_gpio_disable_ms from atmel_disable_ms.part.0
- wilc_setup from hci_dev_open_sync
- in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 128
What your security team should do
- Prioritize kernel updates on all systems exposing serial or Bluetooth devices
- Monitor for the atomic sleep warning in kernel logs
- Test serial driver changes in staging environments before production rollout
- Review downstream dependent packages for bundled kernel versions
The record
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: serial: mctrl_gpio: split disable_ms into sync and no_sync APIs The following splat has been observed on a SAMA5D27 platform using atmel_serial: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/irq/manage.c:738 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 128, non_block: 0, pid: 27, name: kworker/u5:0 preempt_count: 1, expected: 0 INFO: lockdep is turned off. irq event stamp: 0 hardirqs last enabled at (0): [<00000000>] 0x0 hardirqs last disabled at (0): [<c01588f0>] copy_process+0x1c4c/0x7bec softirqs last enabled at (0): [<c0158944>] copy_process+0x1ca0/0x7bec softirqs last disabled at (0): [<00000000>] 0x0 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 27 Comm: kworker/u5:0 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc7+ #74 Hardware name: Atmel SAMA5 Workqueue: hci0 hci_power_on [bluetooth] Call trace: unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x18/0x1c show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x44/0x70 dump_stack_lvl from __might_resched+0x38c/0x598 __might_resched from disable_irq+0x1c/0x48 disable_irq from mctrl_gpio_disable_ms+0x74/0xc0 mctrl_gpio_disable_ms from atmel_disable_ms.part.0+0x80/0x1f4 atmel_disable_ms.part.0 from atmel_set_termios+0x764/0x11e8 atmel_set_termios from uart_change_line_settings+0x15c/0x994 uart_change_line_settings from uart_set_termios+0x2b0/0x668 uart_set_termios from tty_set_termios+0x600/0x8ec tty_set_termios from ttyport_set_flow_control+0x188/0x1e0 ttyport_set_flow_control from wilc_setup+0xd0/0x524 [hci_wilc] wilc_setup [hci_wilc] from hci_dev_open_sync+0x330/0x203c [bluetooth] hci_dev_open_sync [bluetooth] from hci_dev_do_open+0x40/0xb0 [bluetooth] hci_dev_do_open [bluetooth] from hci_power_on+0x12c/0x664 [bluetooth] hci_power_on [bluetooth] from process_one_work+0x998/0x1a38 process_one_work from worker_thread+0x6e0/0xfb4 worker_thread from kthread+0x3d4/0x484 kthread from ret_from_fork+0x14/0x28 This warning is emitted when trying to toggle, at the highest level, some flow control (with serdev_device_set_flow_control) in a device driver. At the lowest level, the atmel_serial driver is using serial_mctrl_gpio lib to enable/disable the corresponding IRQs accordingly. The warning emitted by CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP is due to disable_irq (called in mctrl_gpio_disable_ms) being possibly called in some atomic context (some tty drivers perform modem lines configuration in regions protected by port lock). Split mctrl_gpio_disable_ms into two differents APIs, a non-blocking one and a blocking one. Replace mctrl_gpio_disable_ms calls with the relevant version depending on whether the call is protected by some port lock.
Affected packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:11 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Debian:12 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | 6.12.32-1 |
| Debian:14 | linux | 0 | 6.12.32-1 |
| Linux | Kernel | 0 | 6.1.141 |
| Linux | Kernel | 4.4.0 | 6.1.141 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_71 | 0 | 1-8.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_13 | 0 | 1-150600.1.5.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_13 | 0 | 1-150600.13.6.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-64kb | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-default-base | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5.150600.12.26.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-source | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-zfcpdump | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | kernel-coco | 0 | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | kernel-coco_debug | 0 | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | kernel-source-coco | 0 | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | kernel-syms-coco | 0 | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | kernel-docs | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.3 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | kernel-obs-build | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.3 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | kernel-source | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | kernel-syms | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Legacy 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6 | kernel-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6 | kernel-source-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6 | kernel-syms-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | kernel-default | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | kernel-source | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | kernel-syms | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | kernel-source | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | kernel-syms | 0 | 4.12.14-122.269.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP6 | kernel-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP6 | kernel-rt_debug | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP6 | kernel-source-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP6 | kernel-syms-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | dtb-aarch64 | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.3 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-64kb | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-debug | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-default | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-default-base | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.5.150600.12.26.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-docs | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.3 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-kvmsmall | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-obs-build | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.3 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-obs-qa | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.2 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-rt_debug | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-source | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-source-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-source-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-syms | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-syms-azure | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.8.43.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-syms-rt | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.10.44.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-zfcpdump | 0 | 6.4.0-150600.23.60.4 |
Related vulnerabilities
- CVE-2025-39885 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: fix recursive… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39883 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/memory-failure… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39876 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: fec: Fix… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39869 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dmaengine: ti: edma… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39873 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: xilinx_can… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39863 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: fix… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39865 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tee: fix NULL pointer… Also affects linux
- CVE-2025-39866 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: writeback: fix… Also affects linux