CVE-2022-48628
Medium · 5.5CVSS
5.5
EPSS
0.2%
Published
Mar 2, 2024
CISA due date
—
Cloudanix analysis
A flaw in Linux can cause crashes when shutting down encrypted network storage connections.
- Exploitation
- Local Privilege
- Attacker needs
- Local User
- Complexity
- Low
- Impact
- Denial Of Service
- Component
- OS kernel
- Class
- Use After Free
- Remediation
- Upgrade
- Effort
- Medium
- Patch risk
- Low
What it actually does
During Ceph unmount with encryption enabled, skipped inodes prevent proper keyring destruction and leave references that later cause use-after-free on sb->s_master_keys during iput after generic_shutdown_super.
Why it matters to the business
Unmount operations on encrypted Ceph filesystems can trigger kernel warnings and crashes, leading to system instability and potential loss of access to storage in Linux environments using Ceph.
How an attack unfolds
An attacker with local access mounts an encrypted Ceph filesystem, performs operations that leave dirty caps, then triggers unmount; the kernel fails to wait for MDS acks, skips inodes in evict_inodes, and later dereferences freed master keys, resulting in a crash.
How to fix it
Upgrade the Linux kernel to the fixed commit 89744b64914426cbabceb3d8a149176b5dafdfb5 or later stable versions containing the Ceph unmount fix; reboot after installation.
How to confirm the fix worked
Verify the running kernel contains commit 89744b64914426cbabceb3d8a149176b5dafdfb5 via git log or uname output; attempt an encrypted Ceph mount/unmount cycle and confirm absence of fscrypt_destroy_keyring warnings.
Typical attack path
- Obtain local access to a system with Ceph kernel client and encryption enabled
- Mount an encrypted Ceph filesystem and generate dirty metadata
- Initiate unmount while MDS acks are still pending
- Trigger inode eviction and keyring cleanup to reach the use-after-free
How to detect it
Search kernel logs and dmesg for the fscrypt_destroy_keyring warning and the associated call trace containing ceph_kill_sb and generic_shutdown_super; inspect unmount-related task_work and syscall exit paths for inode reference issues.
- fscrypt_destroy_keyring+0x7e/0xd0
- ceph_kill_sb+0x36/0x90 [ceph]
- WARNING: CPU:.*PID:.*at fs/crypto/keyring.c:242
- generic_shutdown_super+0x47/0x120
- sb->s_master_keys
What your security team should do
- Apply the kernel patch containing commit 89744b64914426cbabceb3d8a149176b5dafdfb5 to all Ceph client systems
- Prioritize systems using fs encryption on Ceph mounts
- Monitor for fscrypt_destroy_keyring warnings in dmesg during unmount operations until patched
The record
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ceph: drop messages from MDS when unmounting When unmounting all the dirty buffers will be flushed and after the last osd request is finished the last reference of the i_count will be released. Then it will flush the dirty cap/snap to MDSs, and the unmounting won't wait the possible acks, which will ihold the inodes when updating the metadata locally but makes no sense any more, of this. This will make the evict_inodes() to skip these inodes. If encrypt is enabled the kernel generate a warning when removing the encrypt keys when the skipped inodes still hold the keyring: WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 168846 at fs/crypto/keyring.c:242 fscrypt_destroy_keyring+0x7e/0xd0 CPU: 4 PID: 168846 Comm: umount Tainted: G S 6.1.0-rc5-ceph-g72ead199864c #1 Hardware name: Supermicro SYS-5018R-WR/X10SRW-F, BIOS 2.0 12/17/2015 RIP: 0010:fscrypt_destroy_keyring+0x7e/0xd0 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000b277e28 EFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: 0000000000000002 RBX: ffff88810d52ac00 RCX: ffff88810b56aa00 RDX: 0000000080000000 RSI: ffffffff822f3a09 RDI: ffff888108f59000 RBP: ffff8881d394fb88 R08: 0000000000000028 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 11ff4fe6834fcd91 R12: ffff8881d394fc40 R13: ffff888108f59000 R14: ffff8881d394f800 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007fd83f6f1080(0000) GS:ffff88885fd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f918d417000 CR3: 000000017f89a005 CR4: 00000000003706e0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> generic_shutdown_super+0x47/0x120 kill_anon_super+0x14/0x30 ceph_kill_sb+0x36/0x90 [ceph] deactivate_locked_super+0x29/0x60 cleanup_mnt+0xb8/0x140 task_work_run+0x67/0xb0 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x23d/0x240 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x25/0x60 do_syscall_64+0x40/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd RIP: 0033:0x7fd83dc39e9b Later the kernel will crash when iput() the inodes and dereferencing the "sb->s_master_keys", which has been released by the generic_shutdown_super().
Affected packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:11 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Debian:12 | linux | 0 | 6.1.64-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | 6.5.6-1 |
| Linux | Kernel | 2.6.34 | 6.1.56 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5-RT_Update_13 | 0 | 1-150500.11.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_12 | 0 | 1-150500.11.7.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-default-base | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1.150500.6.25.7 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-rt | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-source-rt | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | kernel-64kb | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | kernel-default-base | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1.150500.6.25.7 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | kernel-source | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | kernel-zfcpdump | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | kernel-docs | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | kernel-obs-build | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | kernel-source | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | kernel-syms | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Legacy 15 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5 | kernel-azure | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.33.37.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5 | kernel-source-azure | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.33.37.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP5 | kernel-syms-azure | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.33.37.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP5 | kernel-default | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.55.59.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP5 | kernel-rt | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP5 | kernel-rt_debug | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP5 | kernel-source-rt | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP5 | kernel-syms-rt | 0 | 5.14.21-150500.13.47.1 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-iot | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.10 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.14 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.6 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1010.11~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1006.6~22.04.3 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS:for:NVIDIA:BlueField | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 6.6.0-14.14 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | 6.8.0-1003.5 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | 6.8.0-1001.3 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | 6.8.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | 6.6.0-14.14.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | 0 | 6.11.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1003.3 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | 6.7.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | 6.7.0-2001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.19 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | 6.8.0-20.20.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux | 0 | 6.8.0-31.31 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-aws | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-azure | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-gcp | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-lowlatency | 0 | 6.8.0-31.31.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-oracle | 0 | 6.8.0-1005.5 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-raspi | 0 | 6.8.0-1004.4 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.11.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-riscv | 0 | 6.8.0-31.31.1 |
| Ubuntu:Nvidia-BlueField:22.04:LTS | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-lts-xenial | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-aws-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
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