CVE-2024-57923
NoneCVSS
—
EPSS
0.2%
Published
Jan 19, 2025
CISA due date
—
Cloudanix analysis
A bug in how the Linux kernel handles compression on certain IBM mainframe hardware could cause the system to crash when writing files.
- Exploitation
- Local Privilege
- Attacker needs
- Low Privilege
- Complexity
- Moderate
- Impact
- Denial Of Service
- Component
- OS kernel
- Class
- Improper Input Validation
- Remediation
- Upgrade
- Effort
- Medium
- Patch risk
- Low
What it actually does
Incorrect calculation of strm.avail_in in the s390 zlib hardware compression path of btrfs allows read operations to exceed the supplied input buffer length, violating an assertion in btrfs_compress_folios and causing a kernel BUG/panic on debug builds.
Why it matters to the business
Systems using btrfs on s390 hardware with zlib compression can experience unexpected kernel panics during file write or delalloc operations, leading to service disruption and potential data loss until the system is restarted or the workload is altered.
How an attack unfolds
An attacker with local code execution on an s390 system triggers btrfs compression by writing compressible data to a file on a btrfs filesystem; the flawed avail_in sizing in the zlib HW path causes the compressor to read past the end of the input buffer, hitting the assertion and panicking the kernel.
How to fix it
Upgrade the Linux kernel to 6.12.10 or later (or the stable commit 25adbb08aeadcff883ab801df99fd20fefbb6ca4) on all affected s390 systems; rebuild and reboot with the corrected btrfs zlib handling.
How to confirm the fix worked
Verify the running kernel version is at or above the fixed release; on debug kernels confirm the assertion no longer fires under the same write workloads; review dmesg for absence of the btrfs_compress_folios BUG message.
Typical attack path
- Obtain local shell or userland code execution on s390 Linux
- Create or modify a file on a btrfs filesystem configured for zlib compression
- Perform a write that causes delalloc and compression to be invoked
- Trigger the s390 zlib hardware path with an input length not aligned to PAGE_SIZE
- Observe kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041 and subsequent panic
How to detect it
Search kernel logs and crash dumps for the strings 'assertion failed: *total_in <= orig_len', 'btrfs_compress_folios+0x198', and 'kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041' on s390 systems; correlate with btrfs delalloc worker threads.
- assertion failed: *total_in <= orig_len, in fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041
- kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041
- btrfs_compress_folios+0x198/0x1a0
- Workqueue: btrfs-delalloc btrfs_work_helper
What your security team should do
- Prioritize kernel upgrade on all s390 btrfs deployments within the next maintenance window
- Temporarily disable zlib compression on btrfs filesystems if immediate patching is not possible
- Monitor for kernel panics referencing btrfs_compress_folios on s390 hardware
The record
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: zlib: fix avail_in bytes for s390 zlib HW compression path Since the input data length passed to zlib_compress_folios() can be arbitrary, always setting strm.avail_in to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE may cause read-in bytes to exceed the input range. Currently this triggers an assert in btrfs_compress_folios() on the debug kernel (see below). Fix strm.avail_in calculation for S390 hardware acceleration path. assertion failed: *total_in <= orig_len, in fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041 ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/compression.c:1041! monitor event: 0040 ilc:2 [#1] PREEMPT SMP CPU: 16 UID: 0 PID: 325 Comm: kworker/u273:3 Not tainted 6.13.0-20241204.rc1.git6.fae3b21430ca.300.fc41.s390x+debug #1 Hardware name: IBM 3931 A01 703 (z/VM 7.4.0) Workqueue: btrfs-delalloc btrfs_work_helper Krnl PSW : 0704d00180000000 0000021761df6538 (btrfs_compress_folios+0x198/0x1a0) R:0 T:1 IO:1 EX:1 Key:0 M:1 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:1 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3 Krnl GPRS: 0000000080000000 0000000000000001 0000000000000047 0000000000000000 0000000000000006 ffffff01757bb000 000001976232fcc0 000000000000130c 000001976232fcd0 000001976232fcc8 00000118ff4a0e30 0000000000000001 00000111821ab400 0000011100000000 0000021761df6534 000001976232fb58 Krnl Code: 0000021761df6528: c020006f5ef4 larl %r2,0000021762be2310 0000021761df652e: c0e5ffbd09d5 brasl %r14,00000217615978d8 #0000021761df6534: af000000 mc 0,0 >0000021761df6538: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 0000021761df653a: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 0000021761df653c: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 0000021761df653e: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 0000021761df6540: c004004bb7ec brcl 0,000002176276d518 Call Trace: [<0000021761df6538>] btrfs_compress_folios+0x198/0x1a0 ([<0000021761df6534>] btrfs_compress_folios+0x194/0x1a0) [<0000021761d97788>] compress_file_range+0x3b8/0x6d0 [<0000021761dcee7c>] btrfs_work_helper+0x10c/0x160 [<0000021761645760>] process_one_work+0x2b0/0x5d0 [<000002176164637e>] worker_thread+0x20e/0x3e0 [<000002176165221a>] kthread+0x15a/0x170 [<00000217615b859c>] __ret_from_fork+0x3c/0x60 [<00000217626e72d2>] ret_from_fork+0xa/0x38 INFO: lockdep is turned off. Last Breaking-Event-Address: [<0000021761597924>] _printk+0x4c/0x58 Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception: panic_on_oops
Affected packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | 6.12.10-1 |
| Linux | Kernel | 6.12.0 | 6.12.10 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-iot | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.10 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.14 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.6 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS:for:NVIDIA:BlueField | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS | linux-lts-xenial | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-aws-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-raspi-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
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