CVE-2024-35818
NoneCVSS
—
EPSS
0.2%
Published
May 17, 2024
CISA due date
—
Cloudanix analysis
A missing ordering instruction in the Linux kernel on certain processors can cause graphics hardware to stop responding, crashing applications that use the GPU.
- Exploitation
- Other
- Attacker needs
- None
- Complexity
- Theoretical
- Impact
- Denial Of Service
- Component
- OS kernel
- Class
- Race Condition
- Remediation
- Upgrade
- Effort
- Medium
- Patch risk
- Low
What it actually does
Missing memory barrier for MMIO write ordering on weak memory architectures when MMIO operations are protected by mutexes rather than spinlocks, allowing out-of-order MMIO writes between CPUs.
Why it matters to the business
Causes graphics driver stalls, GPU lockups, and repeated command submission failures on affected architectures, leading to application crashes and degraded graphics performance across many Linux systems.
How an attack unfolds
An attacker or workload triggers concurrent MMIO operations protected by mutexes on a weak-ordering CPU; without the architectural barrier the writes can be reordered, resulting in ring buffer stalls and GPU lockup detection in drivers such as radeon.
How to fix it
Update the Linux kernel to commit 97cd43ba824aec764f5ea2790d0c0a318f885167 or later; rebuild and reboot with the patched kernel.
How to confirm the fix worked
Confirm the running kernel contains commit 97cd43ba824aec764f5ea2790d0c0a318f885167 and verify that glxgears or equivalent GPU workloads complete without ring stall or lockup messages.
Typical attack path
- Run graphics-intensive workload or malicious code that exercises mutex-protected MMIO paths
- Trigger concurrent access on LoongArch or similar weak-ordering CPU
- Observe ring stall and GPU lockup messages followed by IB scheduling failures
How to detect it
Search kernel logs for repeated 'ring X stalled for more than' and 'GPU lockup' messages together with 'scheduling IB failed' and 'Couldn't update BO_VA' errors on LoongArch systems.
What your security team should do
- Prioritize kernel upgrade on all LoongArch and other weak-ordering architecture systems
- Monitor graphics driver logs for ring stall and GPU lockup events until patched
- Test patched kernels in staging environments before broad deployment
The record
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: Define the __io_aw() hook as mmiowb() Commit fb24ea52f78e0d595852e ("drivers: Remove explicit invocations of mmiowb()") remove all mmiowb() in drivers, but it says: "NOTE: mmiowb() has only ever guaranteed ordering in conjunction with spin_unlock(). However, pairing each mmiowb() removal in this patch with the corresponding call to spin_unlock() is not at all trivial, so there is a small chance that this change may regress any drivers incorrectly relying on mmiowb() to order MMIO writes between CPUs using lock-free synchronisation." The mmio in radeon_ring_commit() is protected by a mutex rather than a spinlock, but in the mutex fastpath it behaves similar to spinlock. We can add mmiowb() calls in the radeon driver but the maintainer says he doesn't like such a workaround, and radeon is not the only example of mutex protected mmio. So we should extend the mmiowb tracking system from spinlock to mutex, and maybe other locking primitives. This is not easy and error prone, so we solve it in the architectural code, by simply defining the __io_aw() hook as mmiowb(). And we no longer need to override queued_spin_unlock() so use the generic definition. Without this, we get such an error when run 'glxgears' on weak ordering architectures such as LoongArch: radeon 0000:04:00.0: ring 0 stalled for more than 10324msec radeon 0000:04:00.0: ring 3 stalled for more than 10240msec radeon 0000:04:00.0: GPU lockup (current fence id 0x000000000001f412 last fence id 0x000000000001f414 on ring 3) radeon 0000:04:00.0: GPU lockup (current fence id 0x000000000000f940 last fence id 0x000000000000f941 on ring 0) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35) radeon 0000:04:00.0: scheduling IB failed (-35). [drm:radeon_gem_va_ioctl [radeon]] *ERROR* Couldn't update BO_VA (-35)
Affected packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:11 | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Debian:12 | linux | 0 | 6.1.85-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | 6.7.12-1 |
| Linux | Kernel | 5.19.0 | 6.1.84 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.10 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.14 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.6 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1010.11~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1006.6~22.04.3 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS:for:NVIDIA:BlueField | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | 6.8.0-1001.3 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-intel | 0 | 6.8.0-1005.12 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | 0 | 6.11.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1006.6 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.11.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:25.10 | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.10 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.14 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.6 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS:Realtime:Kernel | linux-intel-iot-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS:Realtime:Kernel | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS:Realtime:Kernel | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | 6.8.0-2004.4 |
| Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS:Realtime:Kernel | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.8.1-1002.2 |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS | linux-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS | linux-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-fips | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | 6.8.0-2004.4 |
| Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.8.1-1002.2 |
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