Cloudanix VulnDB

CVE-2023-54170

None

CVSS

—

EPSS

0.2%

Published

Dec 30, 2025

CISA due date

—

Cloudanix analysis

Schedule a fix SSVC: Track

A rare timing problem inside the Linux kernel can make the whole computer crash when it tries to look up network names for certain file shares.

Exploitation
Local Privilege
Attacker needs
Local User
Complexity
Moderate
Impact
Denial Of Service
Component
OS kernel
Class
Race Condition
Remediation
Upgrade
Effort
Medium
Patch risk
Low

What it actually does

Race condition during concurrent dns_query() calls allows duplicate index keys to be inserted into a keyring's assoc_array, triggering BUG_ON() in assoc_array_insert and causing kernel panic.

Why it matters to the business

Unpatched systems experience sporadic kernel crashes and reboots during network name resolution (especially CIFS), resulting in unplanned downtime and loss of availability for dependent services.

How an attack unfolds

An attacker induces multiple simultaneous in-kernel DNS resolutions (for example by forcing repeated CIFS server reconnections) so that two tasks race through request_key_and_link o construct_alloc_key o __key_link_begin, inserting identical keys before the duplicate check completes and hitting the fatal BUG_ON.

How to fix it

Upgrade to a kernel containing commit 47d02b87842900f77d76fc694d9aa7e983b0711c (or later) that prevents duplicate insertion in the assoc_array path; rebuild and reboot affected hosts.

How to confirm the fix worked

Confirm the patched kernel is running, reproduce concurrent DNS queries under load, and verify absence of assoc_array.c BUG_ON stack traces in dmesg.

Typical attack path

  1. Trigger concurrent kernel DNS queries via CIFS or similar subsystems
  2. First task passes search_process_keyrings_rcu and enters construct_alloc_key
  3. Second task inserts its key into the DNS resolver keyring
  4. First task calls __key_link_begin and keyring_compare_object on duplicate index
  5. assoc_array_insert executes BUG_ON on duplicate entry

How to detect it

Search kernel logs and crash dumps for the exact BUG line in assoc_array.c triggered from cifs_resolve_server or dns_resolver worker threads; correlate with high volumes of concurrent DNS activity.

  • kernel BUG at ../lib/assoc_array.c:652
  • assoc_array_insert+0x85f/0xa40
  • Workqueue: cifsiod cifs_resolve_server
  • request_key_and_link+0x2c7/0x730

What your security team should do

  • Prioritize kernel updates on all systems using CIFS or in-kernel DNS resolvers
  • Enable kernel panic-on-oops logging and central collection for rapid crash detection
  • Review workload patterns that generate high rates of DNS resolution inside the kernel

The record

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: keys: Fix linking a duplicate key to a keyring's assoc_array When making a DNS query inside the kernel using dns_query(), the request code can in rare cases end up creating a duplicate index key in the assoc_array of the destination keyring. It is eventually found by a BUG_ON() check in the assoc_array implementation and results in a crash. Example report: [2158499.700025] kernel BUG at ../lib/assoc_array.c:652! [2158499.700039] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI [2158499.700065] CPU: 3 PID: 31985 Comm: kworker/3:1 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 5.3.18-150300.59.90-default #1 SLE15-SP3 [2158499.700096] Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 11/12/2020 [2158499.700351] Workqueue: cifsiod cifs_resolve_server [cifs] [2158499.700380] RIP: 0010:assoc_array_insert+0x85f/0xa40 [2158499.700401] Code: ff 74 2b 48 8b 3b 49 8b 45 18 4c 89 e6 48 83 e7 fe e8 95 ec 74 00 3b 45 88 7d db 85 c0 79 d4 0f 0b 0f 0b 0f 0b e8 41 f2 be ff <0f> 0b 0f 0b 81 7d 88 ff ff ff 7f 4c 89 eb 4c 8b ad 58 ff ff ff 0f [2158499.700448] RSP: 0018:ffffc0bd6187faf0 EFLAGS: 00010282 [2158499.700470] RAX: ffff9f1ea7da2fe8 RBX: ffff9f1ea7da2fc1 RCX: 0000000000000005 [2158499.700492] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000005 RDI: 0000000000000000 [2158499.700515] RBP: ffffc0bd6187fbb0 R08: ffff9f185faf1100 R09: 0000000000000000 [2158499.700538] R10: ffff9f1ea7da2cc0 R11: 000000005ed8cec8 R12: ffffc0bd6187fc28 [2158499.700561] R13: ffff9f15feb8d000 R14: ffff9f1ea7da2fc0 R15: ffff9f168dc0d740 [2158499.700585] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9f185fac0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [2158499.700610] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [2158499.700630] CR2: 00007fdd94fca238 CR3: 0000000809d8c006 CR4: 00000000003706e0 [2158499.700702] Call Trace: [2158499.700741] ? key_alloc+0x447/0x4b0 [2158499.700768] ? __key_link_begin+0x43/0xa0 [2158499.700790] __key_link_begin+0x43/0xa0 [2158499.700814] request_key_and_link+0x2c7/0x730 [2158499.700847] ? dns_resolver_read+0x20/0x20 [dns_resolver] [2158499.700873] ? key_default_cmp+0x20/0x20 [2158499.700898] request_key_tag+0x43/0xa0 [2158499.700926] dns_query+0x114/0x2ca [dns_resolver] [2158499.701127] dns_resolve_server_name_to_ip+0x194/0x310 [cifs] [2158499.701164] ? scnprintf+0x49/0x90 [2158499.701190] ? __switch_to_asm+0x40/0x70 [2158499.701211] ? __switch_to_asm+0x34/0x70 [2158499.701405] reconn_set_ipaddr_from_hostname+0x81/0x2a0 [cifs] [2158499.701603] cifs_resolve_server+0x4b/0xd0 [cifs] [2158499.701632] process_one_work+0x1f8/0x3e0 [2158499.701658] worker_thread+0x2d/0x3f0 [2158499.701682] ? process_one_work+0x3e0/0x3e0 [2158499.701703] kthread+0x10d/0x130 [2158499.701723] ? kthread_park+0xb0/0xb0 [2158499.701746] ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x40 The situation occurs as follows: * Some kernel facility invokes dns_query() to resolve a hostname, for example, "abcdef". The function registers its global DNS resolver cache as current->cred.thread_keyring and passes the query to request_key_net() -> request_key_tag() -> request_key_and_link(). * Function request_key_and_link() creates a keyring_search_context object. Its match_data.cmp method gets set via a call to type->match_preparse() (resolves to dns_resolver_match_preparse()) to dns_resolver_cmp(). * Function request_key_and_link() continues and invokes search_process_keyrings_rcu() which returns that a given key was not found. The control is then passed to request_key_and_link() -> construct_alloc_key(). * Concurrently to that, a second task similarly makes a DNS query for "abcdef." and its result gets inserted into the DNS resolver cache. * Back on the first task, function construct_alloc_key() first runs __key_link_begin() to determine an assoc_array_edit operation to insert a new key. Index keys in the array are compared exactly as-is, using keyring_compare_object(). The operation ---truncated---

Affected packages

Ecosystem Package Introduced Fixed
Linux Kernel 5.3.0 5.4.253
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP4 kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP6 kernel-default 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-64kb 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-docs 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-obs-build 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-source 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS kernel-syms 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-64kb 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-docs 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-obs-build 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-source 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-syms 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_48 0 1-150400.9.7.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_19 0 1-150600.13.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 kernel-rt 0 5.14.21-150400.15.142.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 kernel-source-rt 0 5.14.21-150400.15.142.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 kernel-rt 0 5.14.21-150400.15.142.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 kernel-source-rt 0 5.14.21-150400.15.142.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 kernel-rt 0 5.14.21-150500.13.118.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 kernel-source-rt 0 5.14.21-150500.13.118.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-64kb 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-docs 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-obs-build 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-source 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-syms 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS kernel-zfcpdump 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-64kb 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-default 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-default-base 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1.150600.12.38.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-docs 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-obs-build 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-source 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-syms 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS kernel-zfcpdump 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-default 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-default-base 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1.150400.24.98.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-docs 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-obs-build 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-source 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 kernel-syms 0 5.14.21-150400.24.194.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-default 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1.150600.12.38.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-docs 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-obs-build 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-source 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 kernel-syms 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-64kb 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-debug 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-default 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1.150600.12.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-docs 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-kvmsmall 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-obs-build 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-obs-qa 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-source 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-syms 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6 kernel-zfcpdump 0 6.4.0-150600.23.84.1

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