CVE-2023-52499
NoneCVSS
—
EPSS
0.2%
Published
Mar 2, 2024
CISA due date
—
Cloudanix analysis
A coding mistake in the Linux kernel for certain older PowerPC chips can make the computer crash when programs make system calls, requiring an update to fix stability.
- Exploitation
- Local Privilege
- Attacker needs
- None
- Complexity
- Theoretical
- Impact
- Denial Of Service
- Component
- OS kernel
- Class
- Memory Corruption
- Remediation
- Upgrade
- Effort
- Medium
- Patch risk
- Low
What it actually does
Incorrect branch target after icache flush check in ret_from_syscall on PPC 47x causes execution to resume at wrong address, resulting in kernel instruction fetch from user page and oops.
Why it matters to the business
PowerPC 47x-based systems may experience boot failures or kernel crashes during normal operation, leading to unplanned downtime on affected hardware.
How an attack unfolds
No external attacker action is required; the flaw triggers automatically on syscall return when icache_44x_need_flush is set, due to a missing label after an earlier commit refactored syscall exit logic.
How to fix it
Update Linux kernel to commit 29017ab1a539101d9c7bec63cc13a019f97b2820 or later stable release containing the named local label fix in the syscall exit assembly.
How to confirm the fix worked
Confirm kernel source contains the corrected ret_from_syscall labels outside the ifdef, or verify running kernel version includes 29017ab1a539101d9c7bec63cc13a019f97b2820.
Typical attack path
- Boot or execute process on 47x FSP2 hardware
- Enter syscall return path with icache flush flag set
- Branch lands before rfi instead of after flush
- Kernel attempts instruction fetch from invalid address and crashes
How to detect it
Search kernel logs for oops containing 'kernel tried to execute user page', 'BUG: Unable to handle kernel instruction fetch', 'FSP-2', and 'ret_from_syscall' around the time of mount or other early boot processes.
- kernel tried to execute user page (b7ee2000) - exploit attempt?
- BUG: Unable to handle kernel instruction fetch
- Faulting instruction address: 0xb7ee2000
- BE PAGE_SIZE=4K FSP-2
- NIP: b7ee2000 LR: 8c008000
- TRAP: 0400
What your security team should do
- Identify all 47x PowerPC systems in fleet and schedule kernel upgrade
- Test patched kernel on representative 476 FSP2 hardware before broad rollout
- Monitor for oops messages matching the described instruction fetch crash until remediation complete
The record
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/47x: Fix 47x syscall return crash Eddie reported that newer kernels were crashing during boot on his 476 FSP2 system: kernel tried to execute user page (b7ee2000) - exploit attempt? (uid: 0) BUG: Unable to handle kernel instruction fetch Faulting instruction address: 0xb7ee2000 Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1] BE PAGE_SIZE=4K FSP-2 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 61 Comm: mount Not tainted 6.1.55-d23900f.ppcnf-fsp2 #1 Hardware name: ibm,fsp2 476fpe 0x7ff520c0 FSP-2 NIP: b7ee2000 LR: 8c008000 CTR: 00000000 REGS: bffebd83 TRAP: 0400 Not tainted (6.1.55-d23900f.ppcnf-fs p2) MSR: 00000030 <IR,DR> CR: 00001000 XER: 20000000 GPR00: c00110ac bffebe63 bffebe7e bffebe88 8c008000 00001000 00000d12 b7ee2000 GPR08: 00000033 00000000 00000000 c139df10 48224824 1016c314 10160000 00000000 GPR16: 10160000 10160000 00000008 00000000 10160000 00000000 10160000 1017f5b0 GPR24: 1017fa50 1017f4f0 1017fa50 1017f740 1017f630 00000000 00000000 1017f4f0 NIP [b7ee2000] 0xb7ee2000 LR [8c008000] 0x8c008000 Call Trace: Instruction dump: XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The problem is in ret_from_syscall where the check for icache_44x_need_flush is done. When the flush is needed the code jumps out-of-line to do the flush, and then intends to jump back to continue the syscall return. However the branch back to label 1b doesn't return to the correct location, instead branching back just prior to the return to userspace, causing bogus register values to be used by the rfi. The breakage was introduced by commit 6f76a01173cc ("powerpc/syscall: implement system call entry/exit logic in C for PPC32") which inadvertently removed the "1" label and reused it elsewhere. Fix it by adding named local labels in the correct locations. Note that the return label needs to be outside the ifdef so that CONFIG_PPC_47x=n compiles.
Affected packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | 0 | 6.1.64-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 0 | 6.5.8-1 |
| Linux | Kernel | 5.12.0 | 5.15.137 |
| Ubuntu:14.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 3.11.0-12.19 |
| Ubuntu:14.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 4.4.0-1002.2 |
| Ubuntu:14.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 4.15.0-1023.24~14.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:14.04:LTS | linux-lts-xenial | 0 | 4.4.0-13.29~14.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 4.4.0-2.16 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 4.4.0-1001.10 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-aws-hwe | 0 | 4.15.0-1030.31~16.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 4.11.0-1009.9 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | 4.10.0-1004.4 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | 4.8.0-39.42~16.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | 4.4.0-1004.9 |
| Ubuntu:16.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 4.15.0-1007.9~16.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 4.13.0-16.19 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 4.15.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1018.18~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-4.15 | 0 | 4.15.0-1082.92 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1020.20~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-azure-edge | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-4.15 | 0 | 4.15.0-1071.81 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1019.19~18.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-4.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.4 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-37.41~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-hwe-edge | 0 | 5.0.0-15.16~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1010.11~18.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | 4.15.0-1002.2 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oem | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 4.15.0-1007.9 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.3 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1019.19~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:18.04:LTS | linux-raspi-5.4 | 0 | 5.4.0-1013.13~18.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 5.4.0-9.12 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 5.4.0-1005.5 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1056.61~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 5.4.0-1006.6 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1058.66~20.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1058.66~20.04.2.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-bluefield | 0 | 5.4.0-1007.10 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | 5.4.0-1005.5 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1053.61~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gke-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | 5.4.0-1008.9 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-gkeop-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1038.44~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-100.110~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | 5.4.0-1003.4 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-ibm-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1048.51~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1050.56~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-iot | 0 | 5.4.0-1001.3 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | 5.4.0-1004.4 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-100.110~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1025.25~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.10 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.14 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.6 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 5.4.0-1005.5 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.13 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1053.59~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-oracle-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | 5.4.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-raspi2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.11 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.15 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.15 | 0 | 5.15.0-1051.55~20.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:20.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | 5.4.0-1020.24 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 5.15.0-100.110 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 5.15.0-1056.61 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 5.15.0-1058.66 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | 5.15.0-1058.66.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.8 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | 5.15.0-1053.61 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1010.11~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | 5.15.0-1052.57 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 0 | 5.15.0-1038.44 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | 5.15.0-1048.51 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 0 | 5.15.0-1050.56 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 0 | 5.15.0-1052.57 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | 5.15.0-100.110 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | 5.15.0-1046.46 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | 0 | 6.5.0-1014.14 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 0 | 5.15.0-1025.25 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 0 | 5.15.0-1012.12 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 5.15.0-1053.59 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1006.6~22.04.3 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | 5.15.0-1048.51 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | 0 | 6.5.0-17.17.1.1~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-38.38.1~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | 0 | 6.5.0-1007.8~22.04.1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 0 | 5.15.0-1030.34 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS:for:NVIDIA:BlueField | linux-bluefield | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | 0 | 6.6.0-14.14 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | 0 | 6.8.0-1003.5 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 0 | 6.8.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 0 | 6.6.0-14.14.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 0 | 6.8.0-1009.9.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | 0 | 6.8.0-1003.3 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 0 | 6.6.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 0 | 6.7.0-1001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | No fix |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 0 | 6.7.0-2001.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.19 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 0 | 6.8.0-20.20.1 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux | 0 | 6.8.0-31.31 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-aws | 0 | 6.8.0-1008.8 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-azure | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
| Ubuntu:24.10 | linux-gcp | 0 | 6.8.0-1007.7 |
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